I BTech I SEM : Trail Blazers (NON-DETAILED TEXT) -- GD NAIDU

Trail Blazers (NON-DETAILED TEXT) -- GD NAIDU

1. Give ANTONYMS of the following words:

     significant X insignificant
     dislike  X  like, liking
     passion X calm, calmness
     luxury   X need, essential, penury
     understatement   X  exaggeration 

2. Give ANTONYMS of the following words:

     Frequently = again and again, often, regularly
     comprehensive = absolute, whole
     comfort    =   amenity, quiet, plenty
     purchase = acquire, buy, again
     prosper = benefit, arrive, bloom, blossom
   
3. Give the meaning of the following phrases and use them in sentences of your own:

     a. Over time=working hours in addition to those of a regular schedule.
          ex: He did five hours over time this week.
      b. long sought after= in great demand , need
          ex: An Olympic gold medal is the long sought after prize in spots.
      c.  expand one's horizons = to experience and learn new things,
           ex: Read more! Go our! and expand your horizons.
      d. try one's hand at something = to try doing something for the first time .
          ex: I might try my hand at a bit of North Indian cooking .
      f. With regard to = concerning, about
          ex: A change in the laws with regard to food safety.

I BTech I SEM English Essentials - The Knowledge Society - A P J Abdul Kalam

THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY  -- A P J Abdul Kalam

          The “Knowledge society” is an extract taken from Abdul Kalam’s popular and famous book “Ignited Minds”. He tells that poverty can be rooted out by striking a balance between the past heritage and present day knowledge. He believes  in that India can reach the pinnacles and glory by following certain principles and applying modern technology.

          Knowledge has always been the prime mover of prosperity and power. India is a land of knowledge and it must rediscover itself. The foreign invasions and the colonial rule weakened India considerably. Knowledge has many forms and it is available at many places. It is acquired through education, information, intelligence and experience. It is manifested in artists, craftsmen, hakims, philosophers and saints. It plays a vital role.    

          India has been a country of great ancient heritage and culture. Knowledge acquisition has been thrust throughout the world. In addition, in Indian culture there has been the Guru-Shishya tradition and sharing of its knowledge even with the foreign travellers and students.

         During the last century the world has been changed from being an agriculture society to an industrial society. Now Technology is playing a crucial role. In 21^st century knowledge has become the primary production resource instead of capital and labour. The qualification of a nation as knowledge society goes with its creation and deployment of knowledge.

          The knowledge society has two very important components driven by societal transformation and wealth generation. The societal transformation is in respect of education, health-care, agriculture and governance.

          In order to emerge as a knowledge super power by 2010 we should have tri-dimensional objects of societal transformation, wealth generation and knowledge protection. For this we have to protect our network and information generators from electronic attacks through surveillance and monitoring. There should be a focused approach to intellectual rights and related issues and Further we should protect our ancient knowledge and culture .

I BTech I SEM English Essentials - In London - M K Gandhi

In London    

               “In London” is an extract taken from the autobiography of Gandhi ,titled “My Experiments With Truth” being  translated into English by Mahdev Desai. Gandhi is known for his simplicity. In this lesson he tells us how he struggled hard when he stayed in London for his education.

              He decided that he should not trouble others. He was a vegetarian and he wanted to cultivate other accomplishments which make him a decent Gentleman in society. Bond street was the centre of fashionable life in London. He felt  that the Bombay clothes were unsuitable to English society. So he bought new ones at “ The Army and Navy” stores. He learnt the art of tying for himself. He wanted to dress like an  Englishman. Gandhi started taking lessons in dancing , French and elocution. He even attempted to take lessons in music but could not follow the Piano. He thought that he should learn to play the Violin in order to cultivate an ear for the Western music.

          In his retrospection he thought that he was not going to spend a life time in England. This thought made him realise that he was wasting money . Having listened to him, the dance teacher was convinced and encouraged him to go ahead. He wrote letters to the other teachers also. They encouraged his idea. He struggled for austerity and frugality. He exercised strict economy in all aspects. His living with a family involved him a lot of unnecessary expenditure. So he decided to take two rooms on his own account. The rooms were close to the business place. So, he walked eight miles every day and this kept him physically healthy.

         Gandhi knew that the Bar examinations did not require great study. On a friend’s advice Gandhi decided to pass the London Matriculation ,though it was difficult he passed in  his next attempt. He was forced to learn Latin which was very useful in the paper of Roman law. Gradually , he acquired a taste for Latin ,French  and Chemistry.

      Anyhow , Gandhi felt that his way of living did not fit in the modest means of his family . So, he adjusted himself with one room instead of two rooms and cooked food at home for breakfast .  Plain living saved his plenty of time and he passed his examination . Gandhi says at the end that he spent only frugal life which by no means of dreary one.

I.        Vocabulary  (page 7)

1.       Make up for

2.       Perpetual

3.       Undertake

4.       Lose heart

5.       Accomplishment

6.       Infatuation

7.       Recluse

8.       Emulate

9.       Lingua franca

10.   Disbursed

II.       Synonyms (Page 8)

1.       Preliminary = Initial

2.       Fashionable = Moderate

3.       Clumsy = Awkwardly

4.       Dreary = boring

5.       Excessive = stylish

6.       Emulate = excel

7.       Perpetual incessant

III.       Antonym (Page 8)

1.       Valuable  X cheap

2.       Civilized X unpolished

3.       Surplus X deficit

4.       Obsolete X latest

5.       Occasionally X often

6.       Ambitious X uninterested

Add –Ons  (A)  (page 8 & 9)

1.       Prophecy

2.       Mortal

3.       Famine

4.       Owe

5.       Debt

6.       Trade

7.       Ancestor

8.       Decree

9.       Borrow

10.   Consent

Add –Ons  (B)  (page 9)

1.       Severe

2.       Shook

3.       Spoke in a low voice

4.       Disappeared suddenly

5.       Skilled people who assist the captain

Add –Ons (C) (page 10)

1.       Acceptance

2.       Consent

3.       Ancestral

4.       Sell

5.       Famine

6.       Borrow

7.       Owed

8.       Prophet

9.       Terrible

10.   Muttered

II BTEch II SEM : FAMADIHANA AND OTHER RITUALS

Famadihana and Other Rituals
 

  Main ideas :

 

1.       Madagascar is an island located in the Indian Ocean; it is 400km from the East of Africa past Mozambique Channel, 1300km from the equator and 7000km from the South Pole. The Tropic of Capricorn crosses its southern part. The area is approximately 597000 square kilometers.

2   In the early 19^th century the majority of the island was united and it was ruled as the kingdom of Madagascar by a series of nobles.

3.    When a child is about to be circumcised, all close relatives and friends are invited, a big feast is prepared, and people party at night.

4.      Families in Madagascar have their own Tombstone that their ancestors had built. These tombstones are huge, very spacious and well decorated with many stone-beds that can accommodate the dead bodies of generations after generations.  The dead are described as ‘Gods on Earth’

6It reaffirms the link between dead and the living.

7.       A large number of relatives, guests including the spirits of ancestors are invited to a feast given by members of a family or lineage. So it is considered as a family reunion.

8.       For five years.

9.       The tomb offer an insight into the rich culture of Madagascar. These are fine examples of rich historical tradition of the country. So these tombs have become popular tourist attractions.

10.   South Western Corner.

11.   Fady are taboos(considered unacceptable or improper by community) on the use of certain substances.

12.   The supremacy of Christianity in the central highlands led to the demise of idol worship. Christians have their dead blessed at a church before burying them and invite the pastor to attend a famidihana and place a cross on top of the tomb. Christians argue that the dead have become Christians themselves and continue to be the arbiters of right and wrong.

Looking at Language: Writing Style 

 

 Rituals:

1.       Engagement was the actual wedding for the Malagasy couple. They celebrate it grandly.

2.       Another example of Malagasy traditions and customs is circumsion. When a child is about to be circumcised, all close relatives and friends invited, a big feast is prepared.

3.       Famidihana is another rich tradition which reaffirms the link between the living and dead.

Taboos:

 

1.       To deny hospitality to a stranger is a fady or taboo, as is the act of refusing this hospitality,

2.       It is wrong to stir in the doorway of a house while the rice is sprouting, since the door of the house is compared to the ‘gateway’ of birth and by blocking it, one might impede the birth of rice.

Looking at Language: Vocabulary by theme:

 

Famidihana, razana, velona iray tranto, maty iray fasana, Zanahary, Andriamanitra, ombiasy, mpanandro, Vintana, fady,

Literary Concept: Theme:

1. The people of Madagascar originated from Indonesia, Malaysia, Polynesia and Eastern Africa. The island of Madagascar was divided into many parts and of many types. In the early 19^th century, the majority of the island was united and it was ruled as the kingdom of Madagascar by a series of nobles of the Merina ethnic group. It collapsed when the island was conquered and absorbed into the French colonial empire in 1896, and it gained independence in 1960.

2.      Malagas is the name of the people who live in Madagascar. Malagasy is also the name of the national and official language. The population of Madagascar constituted in 18 ethic groups who lives in 22 regions.

3. There is no particular age for enagements. Engagement in Madagascar is done with a big celebration in front of relatives and friends from both sides. During the celebration, close relatives from both sides are invited, the groom to be brings a gift for the future bride’s parent as an honour and thanks for raising a beautiful daughter, and the engagement ring for the bride to be.

4. They play the role of intermediary between the supreme god and humankind,and are viewed as having the power to affect the fortunes of the living for good and evil.

5.  The supremacy of Christianiy in the central highlands led to the demise of idol worship. The Christian belief in the power of transcendent and somewhat distant. God has blended with older beliefs in the closeness and intimacy of the dead as spiritual beings.

Culture Point: Famidihana:

1.       On the day of Famadihana the tombs are opened and the bodies are carried out from the tombs. They are rolled up in new mats. As soon as the body is taken out, men stay outside the tomb and dances around the tombs. When the dance stops, the body is laid on the floor. Members of the family of the deceased surround the body and they washes and  provides new clothes to the dead. They offer gifts to the deceased. Laughter mingles with tears of joy and sorrow on this occasion. It also involves moving the bones of the dead buried outside the family tomb into the ancestors tomb.

  Fady:

 

1.       To deny hospitality to a stranger is a fady, as is the act of refusing the hospitality.

2.       It is wrong to stir in the doorway of a house while the rice is sprouting, since the door of the house is compared to the gateway of birth.

Space and Time:

1.       Different values and different forces, either active or passive are attributed to each fraction of time. They believe East being superior to West and North being superior to South. North East is believed to be the most favourable direction. People build their houses on the North South axis and reserve the North Eastr corner for prayers.

  Non Fiction:

1.       There are certain facts which can be taken forgranted. One such is engagement in Madagascar and the other is circumsion. But Famidihana is an unusual tradition practiced in Madagascar. There is no corroboration for this unusual fact. So it is difficult to believe this practice of Malagasy.

Literary Concept: Theme:

1.       It covers the unusual tradition that is practiced by Malagasies and it also brings into light rituals and traditions that are shared in our country.

Literary Concept: Metaphor:

1.       Metaphor is a phrase applied to something to which it is not literally applicable, but suggest resemblance. The concept of Fady often expresses metaphorical sense. According to one fady it is wrong to sit in the doorway of a house while the rice is sprouting. The doorway of a house is no way connected with the rice that is sprouting but it is compared to the ‘gateway of birth’ and by blocking it , one might impede the ‘birth’ of the rice.

Reading Journal:

 

1.       Madagascar is an island located in the Indian Ocean. The capital city of Madagascar is Antannarivo. It’s important trade harbours are Tamatove and Majunga. The island gained its independence in 1960 from French. It has 18 ethinic groups who live in 22 regions. Malagasy is the name of the people who live in Madagascar.

Most of the beliefs in Madagascar fit with the local customs. Some of the beliefs are - When two people are in love or ready to move onto marriage, they must first get engaged. Engagement was the actual wedding for the Malagasy people. Another example of the Malagasy tradition and custom is circumcision. When a child is about to be circumcised, all close relatives and friends are invited, a big feast is prepared, and people party all night. At dawn, the child is taken to a hospital to be circumcised.

Another Malagasy tradition is the way people are buried. Families in Madagascar have their own tombstone. These tombstones are huge, very spacious and well-decorated. A dead person of Malagasy should be buried in his or her family tomb. This ceremony is called Famidihana.

II BTech II SEM :THE POWER OF THE PLATE OF RICE

The power of the Plate of Rice

1. The opening part of the story has taken place in Mr.Aziza’s office room.
2. The office of the Principal, Mr.Aziza was not well designed. Mr.Aziza was seated behind a medium-sized desk made of cheap wood and thickly coated with varnish. Books, files, letter trays and loose sheets of paper fostled for a place in the desk.
3. Teachers were not paid salaries properly.
4. Mr.Aziza had ingratiated himself with the powerful and highranking officers of the Board. As he was the principal of one of the elite schools in the state, he used his power to oblige the people in high places.
5. Mr.Aziza has a negative opinion on the women teachers. He refuses to take women , especially married ones in his school. It is the opinion of him that they are lazy and find excuses to be away from school.
6. When she reached home, she found her son was suffering from fever. Her mother –in – law was trying hard to bring down the temperature of her grand son.
7. Mrs. Cheta Adu’s life had become miserable without her husband. It was the endless journey into the land of hardship and frustration. She needs strong finance support. In such hard circumstances, she felt that it was a senseless waste to spent all their savings on burial ceremony.
8. They were at the university together. Mrs.Cheta Adu selected mathematics and her husband selected banking. They were posted to the same state for national youth service. They became engaged at the end of their service and married shortly after.
9. To feed her family and to satisfy the basic necessities of her family.
10. Cheta begs Mr.Aziza for the better part month , imploring him for money and food but when proves obdurate she reduced to following him after work. When she is still neglected, she has eaten the dish kept for him.
11. Mr.Aziza strode the table, and snatched spoon from her hand . He barked her to go to the Brusar and take money.
12. The plate of rice has acted as a weapon to make Mr.Aziza agree to pay her salary.

Looking at Language: Writing style.

 

The story reveals the abject condition of an American woman teacher, who has not been paid her salary for four months. Inspite of many requests, Mr.Aziza has not agreed to pay salary. It mounts tension in the readers mind. But a feeling of relief arises when Mrs.Chetu took a drastic decision to persuade him and not to leave him until he pay salary. She ate the rice that was prepared for Mr.Aziza. She irritated him and created tension in his mind that she would get settle in his house with her children if she was not paid salary.

Looking at Language: Vocabulary by Theme

2. Bubbled like a pot of ogbono, bellowed, strode, smouldering.

3. Mottled(para-2), Smouldering- para -3 , bulbous –  para-6, hitched – para-11.

Looking at Language: Vocabulary by Idiom

1. peace is costly but it is worth the expense.
2. Don’t set sail on someone else’s star.

Literary Concept: Theme.

1. He is a man known for his inflexibility. He withholds ChetuAdu’s salary as she has taken a few days off to tend to her sick child at hospital. Matters are desperate. She is in dire need of money but Mr.Aziza proved himself obdurate.
2. He has been suffering from fever since one month.
3. It is not just imagination. It really happens in day-to-day world. The common people are often denied their rights and can do nothing about it. The bureaucracy has undue power, which they abuse without accountability.
4. When man has no other choice to escape from his troubles, he tries to take drastic decisions out of desperation. Same happened in this story. Mrs Cheta Adu’s desperation had given her courage which she never experienced before.
5. It is an unplanned action. Her circumstances made her to follow him home after work .

Culture point: Universal and Local

1 a.She resorted to a tactic when she was refused by Mr. Aziza to take her into his office. She kept on calling to him until he broke his resistance.

b. she had taken  a courageous step in to bring change in Mr. Aziza she followed him to his house and had eaten rice that was kept for him.

2. a pot of ogbono soup- seed of a wild mango, joll of rice, garri- West African dish, egusi soup- melon soup are some of the words used in the narration.

Some other examples are:

Kunu or millet porridge.

Ogi or maize pop.

Akara – also called beans cake

3. Rapula, Dulue.
4. It is not a kind of punishment but it is one of the ways of keeping the child safe.
5. Chetu Adu and her mother-in-law are the two women. They are looking after the baby who is suffering from fever.
6. It is not merely personal activity. It is the voice of a professional woman whose life is hard in a partriarchal society where men openly voice their reluctance to an employee woman.

Literary Concepts: Symbolism.

 

1. The plate of rice acted as a weapon on the principal, Mr. Aziza. It is symbol for her audacity, courage and master stroke.

Literary Concepts: Strife and Victory.

• Cheta, a teacher at a Nigerian secondary school.

• She is a widow with two young children and a mother – in- law to feed.

• Cheta is magnificient – she is brave and no- nonsense and resourceful. She knows how to resort to a tactic if her requests are not accepted.

2. She would not have done the same thing if she had no family. She would have waited for salary for one more month. Her family gave her responsibilities. She had taken drastic step to satisfy her basic necessities.
3. The bias that Mr.Aziza carries against married women is that women try to find excuses to be away from school. But it is not genuine. Women are sincere in their work. They take responsibility to their heart and they strive for it. The traditions and customs cripple women as much as they can and trying to create women as an unjustified person.
4. It is the general fate of the most of the widows. Once the woman loose her husband, she becomes the sole bread winner in her family.In this lesson, Mrs Chetu Adu lost her husband in an accident. It is a big tragic turning point in her life.  She is the bread winner of her family. She is working in Mr.Aziza’s school not for time pass but to meet the basic necessities of her family.

Reading Journal:

 

There is a fundamental wrong in our general mental outlook. Most of the people assumes the superiority of males and consider women as a meek, submissive and sacrificial.  The feeling of superiority which evolved from ourselves is a big evil in our society. A woman is given a subordinate position in her family as well as society. Her parents neglect her. They try to get rid of her by doing marriage.

   In this story, Mr.Aziza has such an attitude towards women. He feels that most of the married women always find excuses from work and they come for work only for time pass. Having this opinion in his mind, he tried to torture Mrs Chetu Adu. Being brave and resourceful, Mrs Chetu Adu resorted to a tactic which made him to give her her salary.

I BTech :DR. HOMI JAHANGIR BHABHA

DR. HOMI JAHANGIR BHABHA

Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha was an all time genius whose altruistic efforts actuated a meteoric revolution in the scientific world. He brought the name of India in the list of seven nuclear powers of the world. He was a true Indian who put the welfare of the country above personal aggrandizement. His profound and relentless efforts in nuclear research will always be a source of inspiration. We can imbibe many lessons from his life.

A visionary, a man of farsightedness and determination Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha was the architect of Indian atomic energy programme. To be ignorant of the lives of the most celebrated men of antiquity is to continue to live in a state of childhood all our lives. 

Dr. Bhabha’s life was an embodiment of noble ideas from which many a lesson can be imbibed. Homi Bhabha was a man of integrity. He always puts service before self. All through his life he worked for his country and succeeded in making India a forerunner in the field of nuclear energy. Born on October 30, 1909 in a well to do Parsi family in Mumbai, he had his early education in metropolis itself. He did his schooling in Bombay’s cathedral. After graduating from Elphinstone College and the Royal Institute of Science, Mumbai, he went to Cambridge for further studies. 

He earned his engineering degree in 1930. That was the decade when the world witnessed numerous scientific advancements in the field of physics, from 1930 to 1934 by means of obtaining scholarship. He did significant work in identifying the elementary particles called mesons when the Second World War broke out in Europe. Dr. Bhabha returned to India. In 1940 he was appointed Reader and then Professor of physics in the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. It was on August 6, 1945 the first atom Bomb exploded in Hiroshima, Japan. All that remained was a flattened devastated land. The world was shaken. The incident upset Bhabha. It was only a year earlier he was contemplating the peaceful use of atomic energy. 

In 1945 founded the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Apart from being an eminent scientist he was also a skilled administrator; his scientific achievements personal reputation and friendships with Nehru enabled him to take government finances for atomic programmes and research. He was the first chairman of Atomic Energy Commission of India. He led the team of scientists in setting up Asia’s first atomic sector Apsara at Trombay. As the Chairman of this commission, his work involved two important areas. One of these was research and development the other was setting up of reactors and training personnel in specialized work areas. 

The nuclear plants at Tarapur, Rana Pratap Sagar and Kalapakkam are the fruition of his efforts. He was bestowed the honour of being the chairman of the first United States Nation Conference on the peaceful uses of Atomic Energy held in Geneva in 1955. He advocated checks and balances on nuclear proliferation and outlawing of atomic bombs by all countries. He firmly believed that atomic energy should be utilized for constructive purposes alone. As recognition of his undoubtable efforts and service to the nation he was offered a place in the Union Cabinet, Bhabha refused it. Like Gandhiji he never clamoured for honour and recognition. However, he continued to be the scientific advisor to Nehru and later to Lal Bahadur Shastri.

A talented individual Bhabha took keen interest in music and art. A bachelor all his life, Homi Jahangir Bhabha dedicated his time and energy to scientific purposes. He played an important role in scientific temper in the masses. Instead of searching for employees and scientists for his institute, he founded the institute in order to bring out the vast potential in young scientists and budding talents. His work on atomic energy brought him many honorary degrees of D.Sc. and Phd in India and abroad. On Jan 24, 1966, Dr. Babha was going to attend the international conference in Geneva but unfortunately the plane he was on board crashed on Mount Blanc in the Alps. His mantra ‘work is worship’ was so inspiring that when he died the employees of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, worked extra hours to mourn his death. Today when the world is divided on the issue of nuclear energy, with the super powers adopting double standards and other countries pursuing policies with vested interests, Bhabha’s life should be a shining example and a token of peace and development in the present nuclear age. His message can be summed up in the words of Long Fellow “Let us then be up and doing with a heart for any fate; still achieving, still pursuing learn to labour and to wait.” 

In fact, Dr. Bhabha initiated the process of harnessing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Hence, he can be called the architect of Pokhran I and II, which too are meant for maintenance of peace in the subcontinent in view of nuclear threats from our Northern and Western neighbors.

I BTech : JAGADISH CHANDRA BOSE

JAGADISH CHANDRA BOSE

What happens if you take a rich magistrate's son and make him learn in a village school sitting besides the sons of servants and fishermen? He will hear tales of birds and animals that make him curious about Nature. In addition, that makes him one of India's first scientists - Jagdish Chandra Bose.

Botanist and physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose was born in Mymensingh, India (now in Bangladesh) on November 30, 1858. He was educated first at the village school in Faridpur, where his father was a magistrate, Bhagwan Chandra Bose. Later he migrated to St. Xavier’s College, Calcutta at the age of thirteen. There he met Father Eugene Lafont, who was very interested in promoting modern science in India. He later went to the UK, where he got degrees from the universities of Cambridge and London. He also met Prafulla Chandra Ray, another pioneer of Indian science.

He came back and was made a Professor of Physics at Presidency College on the Viceroy's recommendation. However, the principal and other faculty, who were White, were very racially biased against him and gave only an acting appointment. He was offered one-third the salary of the school's white professors, and in protest at this slight, he took no salary at all for several years. They denied him any laboratory facilities, but he carried on his research work, buying equipment with his own salary. 

He remained at Presidency for his entire career, where he assembled the first modern scientific research facilities in Indian academia. He conducted landmark research of the response of plant and animal life to stimuli including electricity, light, sound, and touch, and showed how water and sap in plants and trees is elevated from roots due to capillary action. He invented the crescograph, an early oscillating recorder using clockwork gears to measure the growth and movements of plants in increments as small as 1/100,000 of an inch. His 1902 paper "Responses in the Living and Non-living" showed that plant and animal tissues share a similar electric-impulse response to all forms of stimulation, a finding which challenged conventional science of the time, and also showed that even inanimate objects — certain rocks and metals — have similar responses. In a 1907 paper, Bose established the electro transmission of excitation in plant and animal tissues, and showed that plants respond to sound, by growing more quickly in an environment of gentle speech or soft music, and growing more poorly when subjected to harsh speech or loud music.

Prior to his plant and animal experiments, Bose spent several years experimenting with electromagnetic waves, and conducted successful wireless signaling experiments in Calcutta in 1895. The invention of radio is usually credited to G. Marconi, but a comparison of their records suggests that at certain points of Bose's radio research, he was about a year ahead of the Italian scientist. In Marconi's first wireless trans-oceanic transmission in 1901 a mercury auto coherer was a key component of the receiving device, and while Marconi made no acknowledgment of Bose at the time, subsequent research has shown that Marconi's auto coherer was a near-exact replica of a mechanism invented by Bose, who explained it in detail in a demonstration at the Royal Society of London two years earlier.

Bose was the first Indian scientist to be widely respected as an equal in the halls of western science. When he demonstrated his mechanisms for generating and detecting radio waves in a January 1897 lecture before the Royal Institution in London, it was the first such lecture given by an Indian. He was elevated to knighthood in 1917, and in 1920, he became the first Indian elected to membership in the prestigious Royal Society. Bose, who came from a fairly affluent family, had no particular interest in the profit potential of his work, and refused to file patent claims. Friends in Bose’s name for his 1901 invention of a solid-state diode detector to detect electromagnetic waves filed a patent.

He founded the Bose Research Institute in Calcutta in 1917, which continues to conduct scientific research. He was a contemporary and friend of the poet Rabindranath Tagore. In 1937, Dr. Jagdish Chandra Bose breathed his last. In the pages of history are recorded the glorious achievements of many great men whom the world recognizes, loves and respects. Such men prove to be a true asset not only to their own countries but also to the world. Their lives become a message and a source of inspiration for generations to come. 

Dr. Jagdish Chandra Bose was one such personality who became immortal in the field of science. He was not only a scientist par excellence, but also a warm human being and a modest personality. Dr. Jagdish Chandra Bose was worthy and illustrious son of our motherland whom the nation feels proud of. He brought various laurels to our country. Immense hard working capacity, patience and simplicity were hall­marks of his personality. Dr. Jagdish Chandra Bose was a creative and imaginative scientist, a connoisseur of literature and a great lover of nature.